genes; hereditary material; genetics; template; producer This review reveals that genetics is undergoing a revolution, from monism to dualism. The backdrop of the revolution was the discovery of Mendel’s true gene assumption. According to this assumption: “If the tall variety contains something in its germ cells that makes the plants tall, and if the short variety contains something in its germ cells that makes the plants short” (The “something” is what was later called a “gene”) the gene should be the facilitator of the trait (and the individual) rather than the producer. No product can be made solely by the facilitator. This means that the individual (and traits) should be produced by both elements, the facilitator (the gene) and its facilitating action's acceptor (in the fertilized egg). That is to say, Mendelian genetics is dualistic genetics. However, “modern genetics” is monistic genetics believing genes are the hereditary material able to give rise to the individual. Mendelian dualistic genetics was discovered by the Chinese scholar M. Zhou 150 years after Mendel’s article was published. This paper is a review of this discovery. The important message is: After verification, the objective facts are consistent with Mendelian dualistic genetics, but they are not consistent with gene monism.